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Imbali emfutshane kunye neThemba leShishini leZixhobo zeNdawo yokudlala eChina
2021-09-07 00:00:00
Ngophuhliso oluzinzileyo nolunempilo loqoqosho lwaseTshayina kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwemigangatho yokuphila yabantu, imfuno yaseTshayina yeepaki zebala lokudlala yabantwana nayo iyanda. Iipaki zebala lokudlala ngokuthe ngcembe ziba luhlobo olutsha lweemveliso zokuzonwabisa, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe zenza indibaniselwano eyohlukeneyo kunye nemeko yophuhliso efana nemfundo, indawo yasemaphandleni, iholide kunye ne-IP.
Ingcamango yeZixhobo zeNdawo yokudlala
NgoDisemba 30, 2011, uLawulo Jikelele lomgangatho wokongamela, ukuhlolwa kunye Quarantine of the people's Republic of China kunye China National Standardization Administration ngokudibeneyo wakhupha umgangatho wesizwe GB / t27689 2011 izixhobo Playground yabantwana, eye yaphunyezwa ngokusemthethweni ukususela ngoJuni 1, 2012. .
Ukususela ngoko, i-China iphelile imbali yokungabikho kwemigangatho yelizwe yezixhobo zokudlala, kwaye izimisele ngokusemthethweni igama kunye nenkcazo yezixhobo zendawo yokudlala kwinqanaba lesizwe okokuqala.
Isixhobo sebala lokudlala sithetha izixhobo zabantwana abaneminyaka eyi-3-14 ubudala ukuze badlale ngaphandle kombane, ihydraulic okanye isixhobo somoya, zenziwe ngezinto ezisebenzayo ezifana nokukhwela intaba, isilayidi, itonela yokukhasa, ileli kunye ne-swing kunye neziqhoboshi.
Uphuhliso kunye nokuvela kweZixhobo zeNdawo yokudlala
Ukusukela oko kwenziwa uhlaziyo nokuvulwa kweTshayina ngo-1978, uqoqosho luye lwakhula ngokukhawuleza kule minyaka ingama-40 yakutsha nje, kwaye ishishini lezixhobo zokudlala laseTshayina liye laphuhla ukusuka ekuqaleni. Okwangoku, iye yaphuhla yaba lishishini elinexabiso lemveliso yonyaka yamashumi eebhiliyoni.
Izigaba ezi-3 zophuhliso lwezixhobo zokudlala zaseTshayina
Inqanaba lokuqala——1980-1990 Year
Ngeminyaka yee-1980, iziganeko ezibini ezibalulekileyo eziphawule ukuqala kwebala lokudlala labantwana yaba kukusekwa kwemibutho yoshishino efanelekileyo.
Ngo-1986, i-China Toy and Juvenile Association (eyayisaziwa ngokuba yi "China Toy Association") yasekwa. Ngemvume yolawulo lwempahla karhulumente kunye neKomishoni yoLawulo yeBhunga leSizwe kunye neSebe lemicimbi yoluntu, yathiywa ngokusemthethweni igama elithi China Toy and Juvenile Association ukususela ngomhla wama-24 kuJuni 2011. Ngomhla woku-1 ku-Agasti ka-1987, iChina Association of Amusement Park Attractions. yasekwa.
Njengesona siseko sikhulu kunye sokuqala semveliso yezixhobo zebala lokudlala e-China, inani elikhulu lamashishini kwiDolophu yaseQiaoxia, eYongjia County, eWenzhou baqala ukwenza nokuthengisa izixhobo zebala lokudlala ngeminyaka yoo-1980 kunye noo-1990.
NgoJulayi ka-2006, iDolophu yaseQiaoxia, kwiNqila yaseYongjia, iWenzhou yawongwa njengeDolophu yeToyi yeMfundo e-China nguMbutho weToy we-China (yaluphumelela ngempumelelo uvavanyo kwakhona ngoJuni ka-2009).
Iimpawu zaqala ngaloo minyaka ngoku zonke ziphuhliswe kuhlobo oludumileyo lwezixhobo zebala lokudlala ezenziwe eTshayina. Njengeqela elipheleleyo leqela kwishishini lendawo yokudlala ukusukela kwimihla yangaphambili, iKaiqi iye yaba lishishini elikhokelayo lezixhobo zebala lokudlala eTshayina kwaye luphawu oluphezulu lwezixhobo zebala lokudlala.
Iimveliso zorhwebo ngaloo minyaka ziye zaphuhla zaba ziimpawu ezaziwayo zeendawo zokonwabisa zasekhaya ezingenamandla eTshayina. Njengenkampani yeqela leshishini elipheleleyo elizibandakanya kwizixhobo zokonwabisa abazali nomntwana ezingenamandla kwasekuqaleni e-China, ikheji iye yaba lishishini eliphambili lezixhobo zokonwabisa ezingenamandla e-China kunye nophawu oludumileyo lwehlabathi lokonwabisa olunexabiso lenkcubeko nemfundo.
Imeko eyimpumelelo
2 Inqanaba lophuhliso kunye nelokuthandwa ngabantu -- 2000s
Ngenkulungwane yama-21, ishishini lezixhobo zokudlala laseTshayina lingene kwixesha lophuhliso olukhawulezayo, kwaye abavelisi beshishini baye baqonda ngokuthe ngcembe imveliso enkulu. Umgca wemveliso ukhule ukusuka ekuqaleni, kwaye umda wemarike uye wanda ukusuka kweyona ndawo iphuhliswe kakhulu ye-Pearl River Delta, i-Yangtze River Delta kunye ne-Bohai rim isangqa sezoqoqosho ukuya kwimimandla yomhlaba e-China, kunye nakwiidolophana kunye needolophu.
Ngelo xesha, izixhobo zokudlala ezenziwe e-China zaqala ukungena kwiimarike zaphesheya. Ngoku, yenziwe eTshayina kuyo yonke indawo kuwo onke amazwekazi ehlabathi.
Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini, imigangatho yelizwe kunye nemigangatho yoshishino enxulumene nebala lokudlala i-euqipment iye yaziswa ngokuthe ngcembe, eye yakhuthaza kakhulu imigangatho yomgangatho wemveliso kunye nenqanaba lophuhliso loshishino.
3 Inqanaba lohlaziyo kunye noTshintsho – 2010s
Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwe-Intanethi kunye nokufika kwexesha lolwazi, iingcali zeshishini kunye nabatyali-zimali, abaqulunqi kunye namaziko ophando baye balukhawulezisa kakhulu ukufikelela kwabo kulwazi. Abaqulunqi bebala lokudlala nabo baqala ukunikela ingqalelo kwindlela yokuziphatha yabantwana kunye neengqondo.
Ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zabantwana, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemisebenzi yendawo yokudlala yabantwana iya isityebi ngakumbi. Ngokusekelwe ebantwaneni, ibala lokudlala lenzelwe ukuba likhuseleke, libe ngumngeni ngakumbi kwaye libe nomdla, kwaye lifaneleke ngakumbi ukukhula kwabantwana ngokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni, ukuze kudalwe indawo yokuzonwabisa efanele ngokwenene ukukhula kwabo okusempilweni.
Kaiqi yimpumelelo ityala
Zonke iintlobo zeengqikelelo zoyilo lwepaki yokonwabisa ephucukileyo enje ngepaki yokonwabisa ebandakanyayo, isixeko esinobuhlobo kubantwana (uluntu), indibaniselwano yendawo eyomileyo nemanzi, ukonga intsilelo yendalo, iPaki yeAdventure kunye nepaki yokonwabisa iminyaka yonke isetyenzisiwe kuyilo kunye nokuphunyezwa kweendawo ezingenamandla. ipaki yokuzonwabisa yabantwana.
Amathemba oshishino lwezixhobo zebala lokudlala
1 Izixhobo zebala lokudlala zinesakhono esikhulu kwimarike yokhenketho lwenkcubeko kwixesha elizayo
Ngophuhliso loqoqosho lwaseTshayina kunye nokwanda kwengeniso yelizwe, ukuziphatha kokhenketho kuye kwaduma. Kutshanje, iSebe lezeNkcubeko kunye noKhenketho libhengeze ngokusesikweni ukuba inani labakhenkethi basekhaya ngo-2019 laliyi-6.006 yezigidigidi, ukonyuka konyaka-ngonyaka nge-8.4%, kwaye iyonke ingeniso yokhenketho yonyaka yayiyi-6.63 yetriliyoni yeyuan, unyaka nonyaka. ukwanda nge-11.1%.
Ngokwembono yeentsingiselo zeshishini, imarike yokhenketho yaseTshayina inendawo enkulu, imfuno yokhenketho lwelizwe iyaqhubeka ukuba namandla, kwaye iimfuno ezikumgangatho ophezulu zibekwe phambili kwiimveliso kunye neenkonzo.
2 Ipaki engenamandla iya kuba yeyona nto iphambili kwimarike yemidlalo yomzali nomntwana
Impembelelo ephezulu yokunyuka kwabantu abakumgangatho ophakathi, ukuphuculwa kokusetyenziswa kokhenketho kunye nokuvulwa komgaqo-nkqubo wabantwana ababini kuye kwazala imarike yokhenketho olukhulu lwabazali nabantwana. "Ukuhamba nabantwana" kuye kwaba yeyona ndlela isetyenziswayo kwimarike yokhenketho.
Kaiqi Impumelelo Case
Phantsi kwemfuneko yentengiso kunye neempawu zokuziphatha ezisetyenziswayo, iPaki yeNdawo yokudlala yomzali nomntwana inokuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno ngowona mlinganiselo mkhulu:
Okokuqala, ipaki kwindawo egqwesileyo ye-ecological kwi-suburbs yesixeko, esisombulula iingxaki zemisebenzi emifutshane yangaphandle kunye nokungabikho kokuqonda kunye noqhagamshelwano kunye nendalo kwiintsapho zasezidolophini zabazali nabantwana kunye neendleko zexesha eliphantsi;
Okwesibini, izixhobo zebala lokudlala ezichubekileyo azihlangabezani nje nendalo yokudlala yabantwana, kodwa zikwakhawulelana neemfuno zokufunda zokufundisa kulonwabo ngokuseta iikhosi ezizodwa. Ngelixa beqinisekisa ukuba abantwana bayadlala, abazali banokufumana ixesha lokuphumla, ukuphumla kunye namava atofotofo.
3 Ibala lokudlala labazali nabantwana lidibanisa uphuhliso lwasezidolophini nolwasemaphandleni
Ngokwezibalo ze-Bureau yeSizwe yezibalo, ngo-2018, inqanaba lokufudukela ezidolophini laseTshayina (izinga lokuhlala ezidolophini) lifikelele kwi-59.58%, kufutshane ne-60%. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-17.9% ekuqaleni kwenkqubo yaseTshayina yokufudukela ezidolophini ngo-1978, inyuke ngeepesenti ezingama-42.
Ngelixa izinga lokuhlala kwabantu ezidolophini laseTshayina likhula, likwaveza ubugwenxa obuthile bokufuna icala elinye kulwandiso lwendawo yasezidolophini kunye nokwanda kwabemi basezidolophini, okukhokelela ekunqongophelweni kwendawo yangaphandle efanelekele imisebenzi yabazali nabantwana ezixekweni.
Ke ngoko, abantu baqala ukungena kwiindawo zendalo ezinje ngeelali, iifama, iipaki zelizwe kunye neepaki zamahlathi ezijikeleze isixeko. Nangona kunjalo, isantya sophuhliso semfuno yentengiso sigqithise kakhulu isantya sohlaziyo lweemveliso zangaphandle ezijikeleze isixeko.
Kaiqi Impumelelo Case
Phantsi kophuhliso lwemeko yonxibelelwano lokufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini kunye nokuchasana nokufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini, ipaki yebala lokudlala labazali nabantwana idlala indima ekufezekiseni iimfuno zentengiso kwaye ibonelela abathengi basezidolophini ngexabiso eliphezulu, uyilo lomxholo wale mihla kunye nolonwabo lokuthatha inxaxheba okuphezulu.
4 Izixhobo zebala lokudlala zihamba ukusuka kumsebenzi ukuya kwi-IP
Ishishini lokhenketho lwenkcubeko yaseTshayina linamava ukusuka kwixesha elikhokelweyo kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu eyadlulayo ukuya kwimakethi eyayikhokele kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, kwaye ukuya kwixesha langoku le-IP ekhokelwayo.
Njengomthwali wexabiso elidityanisiweyo kakhulu, i-IP idibanisa i-intanethi kunye ne-intanethi ngokulima kunye nokusabalalisa ngokuqhubekayo, idibanisa ixabiso lemveliso kunye nemfuno yabathengi, kwaye idibanisa iimveliso zeshishini kunye neenkonzo kwinethiwekhi yexabiso ngomfanekiso kunye nokuziphatha ohlukileyo kunye nocwangcisiweyo, ukuze baqokelele kwaye bandise. .
Njengemveliso entsha yenkcubeko nokhenketho, imisebenzi esisiseko emine yemveli "yokukhasa, ukujinga, ukukhwela nokutyibilika" eqondwa ngokuthembela kwizixhobo ezisemgangathweni ikude nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi.
I-Kaiqi Iphumelele indawo yokudlala yangaphakathi
Umzi-mveliso wepaki yokudlala yabazali nabantwana utyebisa amava awohlukeneyo angenawo amandla okuzonwabisa omzali nomntwana aneempawu ze-IP ezahlukileyo ngokucwangcisa imixholo eyahlukeneyo, uyilo lwemilo, ukwandiswa kweengcamango, ukudityaniswa komsebenzi, ukudityaniswa kwendawo kunye nezinye iindlela.
Uphuhliso loshishino lwezixhobo zokudlala alunakwahlulwa kwinkxaso kunye nokukhuthazwa ngurhulumente kunye nemibutho yoshishino, kunye nokuqulunqwa, ukubeka iliso kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemigangatho yoshishino. Kwangaxeshanye, ikwafuna ukuzingisa kunye nomzabalazo wamashishini.
Ukuze abantwana babe nobuntwana obonwabisayo nobungcono, uKaiqi akasayi kuyilibala injongo yakhe yantlandlolo, abambelele kubuchule obutsha, asoloko ephonononga, kwaye akhokele uphuhliso olukhawulezayo nolunempilo lweshishini ngokweemfuno zebenchmark yoshishino.
